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1.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 88(6): 730-735, dic. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-900044

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La quemadura en niños por rotura de bolsa de agua caliente, presentó un incremento brusco y significativo alrededor del año 2000 en Chile. Ante ello, la Corporación de Ayuda al Niño Quemado (COANIQUEM) difundió conceptos de prevención en su uso y alerta a autoridades. Posteriormente el Instituto de Normalización Nacional introdujo normativas de certificación de calidad de los productos comercializados en el país. OBJETIVO: Determinar el impacto de medidas preventivas y de certificación de calidad de las bolsas de agua caliente en las quemaduras por rotura del producto en niños. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Revisión de ingresos de 795 pacientes menores de 15 años, con quemaduras por rotura de bolsa de agua caliente, entre 2000-2014, en COANIQUEM-Santiago. Se determinó evolución de las frecuencias de quemaduras por el agente etiológico y se comparó el perfil epidemiológico en los períodos quinquenales inicial y final. RESULTADOS: Entre 2000-2004, se registró un incremento de 272,7% en los ingresos y un descenso de 81,3% entre 2005-2014. Las características demográficas, mes de ocurrencia de las quemaduras y necesidad de algún tipo de cirugía, fueron similares en los períodos comparados. El número de localizaciones disminuyó concentrándose en una quemadura (77,8%). En el segundo período incluyó además de extremidad inferior, abdomen y pelvis como ubicaciones frecuentes. CONCLUSIONES: Se verifica un importante descenso de las quemaduras por bolsa de agua caliente en niños, y un cambio significativo en sus características epidemiológicas, coincidiendo con medidas de prevención y normativa de certificación de calidad de los implementos.


INTRODUCTION: Children scalded by the tearing of hot-water bottles presented a sudden and significa tive increase around 2000 in Chile. For this reason the Aid to Burned Children Corporation (COA-NIQUEM) publicized prevention concepts concerning the careful use of this device and raised a voice of alarm to authorities. Later, the National Normalization Institute introduced quality certification standards for hot water bottles sold in the country. OBJECTIVES: Determine the impact of preventive measures and quality certification for hot water bottles in burns caused by tearing of the device on children. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Review of 795 patients under 15 admitted with injuries caused by hot-water bottle rupture between 2000 and 2014 at COANIQUEM Santiago. The frecuency of burns by the ethiological agent is determined and the epidemiological profile are compared in the initial and final quinquenial period. RESULTS: Between 2000-2004, an increase of 272.7% was recorded and then a decrease of 81.3 % was found between 2005-2014. Demographic characteristics, month of occurrence and need of some kind of surgery were similar in both periods. The number of locations and injuries diminished, and are concentrated in one burn (77.8%). In the first period the main anatomical region affected was lower limbs and in the second period abdominal and pelvis are also frequent. CONCLUSIONS: An important decrease of burns by hot-water bottle rupture with significant changes in their epidemiological characteristic is verified. This coincides with preventive measures and manufacturing standards regulations and quality control.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Burns/prevention & control , Burns/epidemiology , Consumer Product Safety/legislation & jurisprudence , Consumer Product Safety/standards , Equipment Failure , Quality Control , Burns/etiology , Water , Chile/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies
7.
Hig. aliment ; 27(216/217): 47-53, jan.-fev. 2013. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-707870

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as condições higienicossanitárias e microbiológicas dos lanches comercializados na Praça da República na cidade de Belém-PA. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo e quantitativo, através de levantamento de dados, com aplicação de questionário aos manipuladores e aos consumidores, seguindo as normas exigidas pela legislação de Boas Práticas de Fabricação que tem como base a resolução RDC n º 12 de 02/01/2001 da ANVISA-MS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Food Handling , Food Microbiology , Street Food , Food Hygiene , Good Manufacturing Practices , Consumer Product Safety/standards
8.
Hig. aliment ; 27(216/217): 189-193, jan.-fev. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-707895

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da água de bebedouros consumida pelos estudantes universitários, da Universidade Federal de Goiás. As análises foram sólidos dissolvidos totais, dureza total, matéria orgânica, cloretos, turbidez, pH, amônia, cloro livre, nitrito, nitrato e ferro. Os resultados mostraram que a água consumida pelos estudantes estavam de acordo com os limites estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Saúde, na Portaria nº518 de 25 de março de 2004.


Subject(s)
Humans , Drinking Water/analysis , Bathroom Equipment/analysis , Water Microbiology , Water Quality , Quality Control , Consumer Product Safety/standards
9.
Hig. aliment ; 25(194/195): 109-113, mar.-abr. 2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-607076

ABSTRACT

Com a finalidade de analisar o conhecimento do consumidor frente à segurança e qualidade dos alimentos foram realizadas entrevistas em um local central de grande fluxo de pessoas na cidade de Santa Maria, RS. Os consumidores foram entrevistados utilizando-se um questionário com questões fechadas e os resultados avaliados através de estatística descritiva. Foi observada uma preocupação em relação à higiene, fiscalização e riscos à saúde, ou seja, assuntos relacionados à segurança dos alimentos.


Subject(s)
Meat/microbiology , Interviews as Topic , Food and Nutrition Education , Eating , Food Quality , Brazil , Consumer Product Safety/standards
10.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 60(2): 179-183, jun. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-630315

ABSTRACT

Los alimentos listos para su consumo (ALC) son alimentos procesados que pueden consumirse sin ningún tratamiento térmico adicional, lo que ha incrementado su popularidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la inocuidad y calidad microbiológica de 90 ALC producidos por pequeñas industrias costarricenses, con el fin de evaluar el riesgo para la salud pública. Se analizaron 26 encurtidos, 18 aderezos, 18 ensaladas, 12 dulces en conserva y 16 antipastos. A cada muestra se le determinó el pH y la presencia por cultivo de indicadores de calidad microbiológica y de patógenos (Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium perfringens, C. botulinum y Bacillus cereus); además, se investigó por PCR la presencia de genes que codifican por las toxinas de C. botulinum y C. perfringens. Un 37% de las muestras tuvo un nivel de acidez que podría permitir la proliferación de patógenos (pH >4.5). En general, los indicadores de vida útil fueron aceptables, siempre y cuando los ALC se mantengan en condiciones de temperatura y humedad adecuadas. Un 64% de las muestras presentó valores de coliformes totales que sugieren mala higiene en su elaboración (NMP/g >1000), que se confirma con el hallazgo de coliformes fecales en el 56% y que las hace inaceptables para el consumo humano. Todos los cultivos para patógenos fueron negativos, excepto cuatro para B. cereus. No se detectaron toxinas de C. botulinum y solo una muestra fue positiva para el PCR de C. perfringens. Este estudio evidencia una importante contaminación fecal en ALC, una situación indeseable y totalmente prevenible si se practican técnicas adecuadas de manejo de alimentos, de higiene y se presta mayor atención a los puntos críticos de control.


Ready-to-eat (RTE) foods are processed foodstuffs which have gained popularity in recent times because they can be ingested without further thermic treatments. In this work, the microbiological quality and safety of 90 samples of RTE foods manufactured by small Costa Rican industries was determined to evaluate whether they represent a Public Health risk. Twenty-six samples of pickled vegetables, 18 dips, 18 salads, and 12 sweet treats were studied. Each sample was analyzed with regard to its pH, the presence of culturable microbiological quality indicators and recognized foodborne pathogens (Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium perfringens, C. botulinum, and Bacillus cereus) Selected genes encoding toxins of C. botulinum and C. perfringens were screened by PCR. Thirty-seven percent of the samples had a level of acidity that could allow the growth and proliferation of bacterial pathogens (pH >4.5). The shelf-life indicators were acceptable but only if the RTE foods are kept at adequate conditions of temperature and humidity. Sixty-four percent of the RTE foods had total coliforms values that evidence inadequate hygiene practices during its elaboration (MPN/g >1000). This result was confirmed by the finding of fecal coliforms in 56 % of the samples, which, by the way, are inacceptable for human consumption. All cultures for pathogens were negative, except for 4 samples that contained B. cereus. Toxins of C. botulinum were not detected and one single sample was positive for the PCR for C. perfringens. The elevated degree of fecal contamination detected in the RTE could be prevented by means of good manufacturing practices, better hygiene measures and a deeper attention to critical control points.


Subject(s)
Humans , Consumer Product Safety/standards , Food Handling/standards , Food Microbiology/statistics & numerical data , Colony Count, Microbial , Commerce , Costa Rica , Food Microbiology/standards , Quality Control
11.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 66(supl.2): 42-46, 2006.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-480138

ABSTRACT

In order to guarantee that harmless food is ingested by consumers, it is essential that strict hygienic procedures are followed both during the elaboration of food and during the procedures that range from the purchasing, the cooking and the consumption of food. This is an invaluable and unquestionable tool that should be used in order to decrease the incidence of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) in our country. The State, the enterprise owners, and the consumers should take responsibility for this: the State should guarantee the citizens' access to safe food products through an adequate legislation and a mechanism for it to be controlled and obeyed; the enterprise owners should obey the current regulations and provide their employees with education about the importance of these regulations; and the consumers should take responsibility for how they handle food.


Subject(s)
Humans , Food Contamination/prevention & control , Food Handling/methods , Health Education/methods , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/prevention & control , Argentina/epidemiology , Consumer Product Safety/standards , Cooking/methods , Food Microbiology , Food Handling/standards , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/epidemiology , Hygiene/education , Hygiene/standards , Incidence , Legislation, Food
13.
Rev. salud pública ; 6(3): 289-301, nov. 2004.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-417221

ABSTRACT

El Sistema de Análisis de Peligros y Puntos Críticos de Control (HACCP) constituye un enfoque preventivo y sistemático, recomendado por diferentes organizaciones internacionales como la Comisión del Codex Alimentarius, la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC), la Organización Mundial de Salud Animal (OIE) y la Convención Internacional para la Protección de los Vegetales (CIPV), entre otras, para contribuir al aseguramiento de la inocuidad de los alimentos durante toda la cadena agroalimentaria. El HACCP tiene como requisito para su implementación las Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura (BPM), que se encuentran legisladas en la gran mayoría de países. En Colombia desde 1997 se incorporó en la normatividad la aplicación del sistema HACCP en coherencia con exigencias internacionales. Este artículo discute potencialidades y dificultades de la implementación de la norma y recomendaciones de política para que redunde en la inocuidad alimentaria.


Subject(s)
Food Industry/legislation & jurisprudence , Food Industry/standards , Legislation, Food , Colombia , Consumer Product Safety/legislation & jurisprudence , Consumer Product Safety/standards
14.
Rev. biol. trop ; 52(3): 727-732, sept. 2004.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-501709

ABSTRACT

Genetic engineering and the food derived from genetically modified crops (GMCs) have been the center of debate worldwide, as has occurred historically with the advent of new technologies. Questions are derived from the potential impact of GMCs to the environment and the safety of the products to the consumers. In relation to the first inquiry, practice has been oriented to a case-by-case-study, according to the own characteristics of the GMC, in order to minimize its impact in the environment. Scientific studies in diverse latitudes of the world have demonstrated that GMCs in the market showed no adverse effects related to this issue. In relation to food derived from the GMCs, rigorous evaluation protocols have been developed and approved by FAO and WHO to guarantee the innocuousness of these products. Up to the moment, no contraindications for human health have been pointed out for the products that are available today in the market. In the particular case of Costa Rica, the country has established since the 90s a regulatory biosafety framework for the management of the GMCs, safeguarding the biodiversity of the country and the health of consumers. At the same time the country has made significant public and private investments in the field that allowed the country to obtain a leading position in biosafety in the region and genetic engineering research at national research centers. Any attempt to restrict or prohibit these activities in the country, will put in risk the previously described investment, will affect the generation of new knowledge for decision making and the leadership in the field, preventing the benefits derived from this promising technology.


Subject(s)
Humans , Food, Genetically Modified , Risk Assessment/methods , Consumer Product Safety/standards , Public Health , Food, Genetically Modified/adverse effects , Costa Rica , Risk Factors , Consumer Product Safety/legislation & jurisprudence
15.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 30(1): 21-26, abr. 2003. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-390372

ABSTRACT

Gracias al gran avance de la tecnología, la ingeniería genética y la biología molecular, se han desarrollado los productos transgénicos. En sus inicios, los productos modificados genéticamente tenían como objeto obtener ventajas en las áreas de la agricultura y ganadería. Posteriormente esta técnica se comenzó a aplicar en el ámbito de la producción de alimentos para el consumo humano. Se ha generado mucha controversia en relación a su utilización. Esta revisión tiene por objeto revisar la información científica disponible en relación a las aplicaciones, ventajas y potenciales riesgos para la salud humana y el medio ambiente asociados al consumo de los alimentos transgénicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Environment , Food, Genetically Modified , Genetic Engineering , Impacts of Polution on Health , Recombination, Genetic , Food, Genetically Modified/adverse effects , Consumer Product Safety/standards
16.
Noise Health ; 2003 Jan-Mar; 5(18): 21-4
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-122141

ABSTRACT

In 1999 a new I-INCE Technical Study Group TSG 2 was formed on "Noise labels for consumer and industrial products". This was intended to survey current methods for labelling and otherwise characterizing the noise emissions of consumer and industrial products. Note that labelling can mean more than just a physical label - it might be details in a Technical Manual. The measurement methods used by testing authorities were to be included in the survey. The methodologies were to be compared, and an assessment made of their relative effectiveness. The study of noise labelling is part of an educational program to advise on how, and in what form such labelling should be implemented. There has been active participation in the TSG from UK, USA, Japan, Norway, Turkey, Belgium and Brazil, with email exchange of information and 3 meetings, at Internoise 2000 in Nice, 2001 in Den Haag and 2002 in Dearborn, USA. More recently the survey questionnaire has been sent to all the 46 Member Societies of I-INCE. This paper explains the survey and summarises current results.


Subject(s)
Academies and Institutes/organization & administration , Consumer Product Safety/standards , Environmental Exposure/prevention & control , Humans , International Agencies/organization & administration , Noise/prevention & control , Organizational Objectives , Product Labeling/standards , Global Health
17.
Hig. aliment ; 15(82): 27-32, mar. 2001. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-284175

ABSTRACT

Em 29.06.98 o Ministério da Saúde (M.S.) publicou a Portaria n§ 518 que regularmenta o novo padräo de identidade e qualidade de chás-plantas, revogando a Portaria n§ 32 do S.M.V.S. - MS. A nova Portaria flexibiliza os limites de tolerância com relaçäo às características microscópicas de chás. Foram colhidas, no comércio varejista de Säo Paulo, 67 amostras de chás envolvendo 07 marcas de 04 tipos diferentes (19 erva-cidreira, 16 hortelä, 18 erva-doce e 14 camomila). As amostras foram analisadas microscopicamente, quanto à presença de sujidades e elementos histológicos. A metodologia utilizada foi a preconizada pela A.O.A.C. 15ª ediçäo. Foram encontrados nas análises fragmentos de insetos, insetos inteiros, larvas, materiais terroso e pêlos de roedores. Avaliando-se os resultados foram encontrados 44,8 por cento das amostras em desacordo frente à Portaria n§ 32 e 31,3 por cento frente à Portaria n§ 519. A nova legislaçäo define parâmetros microscópicos mais objetivos, considerando a presença de insetos próprios da cultura.


Subject(s)
Consumer Product Safety/standards , Food Analysis , Tea
19.
Rev. ABO nac ; 6(1): 18-22, fev.-mar. 1998. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-872235

ABSTRACT

O que a ABO e entidades afins estão fazendo para aprimorar o sistema de certificação de produtos e equipamentos odontológicos no Brasil


Subject(s)
Consumer Product Safety/standards , Dental Equipment
20.
Säo Paulo; s.n; 1997. 87 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-208214

ABSTRACT

Pesquisa para avaliar a aplicaçäo do APPCC em 3 diferentes preparaçöes com a carne bovina: Tornedor de filé (1), escalope de filé (2) e filé inteiro (3). As amostras foram coletadas em um serviço de refeiçöes de bordo, em Säo Paulo, Brasil. Foram analisadas as mediçöes de tempo e temperatura e o monitoramento dos Pontos Críticos de Controle (PCCs), estabelecidos pelo serviço de refeiçöes de bordo, em 10 etapas do processo: recebimento da matéria-prima, armazenamento, pré-preparo (limpeza, corte e modelagem), tempero, cocçäo (grelhar e assar), resfriamento, armazenamento do alimento pronto, montagem dos pratos, armazenamento dos pratos e transporte para a aeronave. Foi verificado que na etapa de recebimento, 13 por cento das amostras coletadas apresentaram temperatura superior à estabelecida como critério de segurança. Na etapa de armazenamento, observou-se variaçäo de temperaturas registradas e monitoradas. Na etapa de pré-preparo dos filés, os critérios de temperatura foram quase que totalmente atingidos. Nas etapas de cocçäo (grelhar e assar), a temperatura das preparaçöes ficou abaixo dos valores estabelecidos em 86 por cento das amostras coletadas. No processo de resfriamento, verificou-se que 54 por cento das preparaçöes atingiram temperaturas inferiores à estabelecida, devido ao congelamento. Na etapa de armazenamento dos filés resfriados, os critérios para temperatura foram atingidos. Tanto na montagem dos pratos como no armazenamento, houve atendimento dos critérios de temperatura. Na etapa de transporte, observou-se o näo atendimento aos critérios de temperatura em 50 por cento das amostras analisadas


Subject(s)
Aviation , Food Microbiology/standards , Food Inspection/methods , Meat , Consumer Product Safety/standards , Food Preservation , Food Technology
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